For the source text click/tap here: Bava Kamma 14
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The new Mishna on our daf states that when determining damages, monetary appraisal is used and money is paid before a court.
The testimony must be based on witnesses and those witnesses must be free and Jewish. They can be women, too.
Damages can be paid both by the injured person and the person responsible for the damages.
What is monetary appraisal? The appraisal should be stated in monetary terms. An example is shared where a cow injures a talit (also translated as a cloak); the talit gets wrapped in the cow's legs, causing it to trip and become injured. Monetary appraisal focuses on the worth of each item first, the monetary damage done to each item, and then how much each cost offsets the other.
We explore the incidence of injuries by cows.