For the source text click/tap here: Avodah Zarah 35
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Although the ruling of the Rambam and the Shulḥan Arukh is that milk is only kosher if a Jew supervises the milking, given that the only concern is that there may be forbidden additives placed in the milk, there are contemporary responsa that permit the use of milk that has reliable government supervision.
The concern with bread is not the ingredients – which must be kosher – but the possibility that joining with non-Jews at meals may lead to intermarriage and assimilation.
The Gemara itself suggests that there may be situations where the bread is commercially baked where no such concern exists. Nevertheless, the simple reading of the Gemara seems to indicate that the Rabbinic injunction against non-Jewish bread that is brought in the Mishna could not be removed.
We explore the inyan of pas akum as well as the prooftext from Daniel 1:8 as to the prohibition of gentile oil, focusing on the dispute between Rav and Shmuel regarding whether Daniel or later rabbinic authorities instituted this decree.