For the source text click/tap here: Shavuot 41
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Ravina said to Rav Ashi: This sanction is no less severe than entering his property and collecting the debt; it is like grabbing him by his testicles [bekhuveseih] until he surrenders his cloak. Rather, what do we do to him? Rav Ashi said to him: We excommunicate him until the time to flog him comes, i.e., for thirty days, and if he still refuses to take an oath or reach a settlement with the claimant, we flog him and then leave him alone.
In antiquity, the testicles were imbued with deep symbolic significance, representing not merely biological reproductive power but also masculinity, social authority, and the integrity of lineage.