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The Mishnah (2a) lists four basic types of nezek (damage) for which a person will be required to pay restitution.
The Gemara on daf (page) 4b quotes baraitot that expand the number of types of nezek by including examples that fit into the broader categories presented by the Mishnah. Rabbi Oshiya enumerates 13 types of avot nezikin (including, for example, people who borrow objects or are given things to watch and then do not return them or allow them to get lost or stolen); Rabbi Chiya finds 24 avot nezikin (including, for example, robbers and thieves).
Another category included by Rabbi Chiya is examples of hezek she-eno nikkar – damage that was done that cannot be seen.
We review the radical innovation in Talmudic analysis that changed the way we analyze a sugya by the work of Prof David Weiss-Halivni.