For the source text click/tap here: Sanhedrin 107
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To resolve the statement "Anyone who says that David sinned..." with the plain meaning of biblical texts requires examining the apparent contradiction between certain theological positions and the explicit accounts of David's actions in the Bible.
The biblical text plainly states several instances where David committed actions characterized as sins:
His adultery with Bathsheba (2 Samuel 11:2-4)
His arrangement of Uriah's death (2 Samuel 11:14-17)
His census of Israel against God's will (2 Samuel 24:10)
Perhaps most definitively, the text directly states in 2 Samuel 12:13: "David said to Nathan, 'I have sinned against the Lord.' And Nathan said to David, 'The Lord also has put away your sin; you shall not die.'"
We explore various Rabbinic approaches to understand David's actions while maintaining his revered status.